https://anTtutu.github.io/tags/matplotlib/ Recent content in Matplotlib on Anttu's Blog Hugo zh-CN Fri, 30 Apr 2021 00:29:47 +0800 https://anTtutu.github.io/post/2021-04-30-python_matplotlib/ Fri, 30 Apr 2021 00:29:47 +0800 https://anTtutu.github.io/post/2021-04-30-python_matplotlib/ <h2 id="前言">前言</h2> <p>记录下python生成统计图的一些常规使用，主要是2D的统计图，3D的暂不涉及</p> <h2 id="1准备工作">1、准备工作</h2> <h3 id="11-安装pandas和matplotlib">1.1 安装pandas和matplotlib</h3> <div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"> <table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"> <pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%"> <pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>pip install pandas </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>pip install matplotlib </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h3 id="12-安装numpy">1.2 安装numpy</h3> <div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"> <table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"> <pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%"> <pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>pip install numpy </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h3 id="13-中文字体">1.3 中文字体</h3> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>中文字体名</th> <th>英文字体名</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>宋体</td> <td>SimSun</td> </tr> <tr> <td>黑体</td> <td>SimHei</td> </tr> <tr> <td>微软雅黑</td> <td>Microsoft YaHei</td> </tr> <tr> <td>微软正黑体</td> <td>Microsoft JhengHei</td> </tr> <tr> <td>新宋体</td> <td>NSimSun</td> </tr> <tr> <td>新细明体</td> <td>PMingLiU</td> </tr> <tr> <td>细明体</td> <td>MingLiU</td> </tr> <tr> <td>标楷体</td> <td>DFKai-SB</td> </tr> <tr> <td>仿宋</td> <td>FangSong</td> </tr> <tr> <td>楷体</td> <td>KaiTi</td> </tr> <tr> <td>隶书</td> <td>LiSu</td> </tr> <tr> <td>幼圆</td> <td>YouYuan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文细黑</td> <td>STXihei</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文楷体</td> <td>STKaiti</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文宋体</td> <td>STSong</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文中宋</td> <td>STZhongsong</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文仿宋</td> <td>STFangsong</td> </tr> <tr> <td>方正舒体</td> <td>FZShuTi</td> </tr> <tr> <td>方正姚体</td> <td>FZYaoti</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文彩云</td> <td>STCaiyun</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文琥珀</td> <td>STHupo</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文隶书</td> <td>STLiti</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文行楷</td> <td>STXingkai</td> </tr> <tr> <td>华文新魏</td> <td>STXinwei</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="14-pyplot支持中文的参数和字体样式">1.4 pyplot支持中文的参数和字体样式</h3> <div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"> <table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"> <pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 1 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 2 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 3 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 4 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 5 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 6 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 7 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 8 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 9 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">10 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">11 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">12 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">13 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">14 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">15 </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">16 </span></code></pre></td> <td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%"> <pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#cf222e">import</span> <span style="color:#24292e">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span style="color:#cf222e">as</span> <span style="color:#24292e">plt</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#57606a"># 设置黑体，支持中文</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>plt<span style="color:#0550ae">.</span>rcParams<span style="color:#1f2328">[</span><span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;font.sans-serif&#39;</span><span style="color:#1f2328">]</span> <span style="color:#0550ae">=</span> <span style="color:#1f2328">[</span><span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;SimHei&#39;</span><span style="color:#1f2328">]</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#57606a"># 设置字体样式</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>plt<span style="color:#0550ae">.</span>rcParams<span style="color:#1f2328">[</span><span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;font.family&#39;</span><span style="color:#1f2328">]</span> <span style="color:#0550ae">=</span> <span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;sans-serif&#39;</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#57606a"># 设置字体大小</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>plt<span style="color:#0550ae">.</span>rcParams<span style="color:#1f2328">[</span><span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;font.size&#39;</span><span style="color:#1f2328">]</span> <span style="color:#0550ae">=</span> <span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;16&#39;</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#57606a"># 伸展字体，很少用</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>plt<span style="color:#0550ae">.</span>rcParams<span style="color:#1f2328">[</span><span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;font.stretch&#39;</span><span style="color:#1f2328">]</span> <span style="color:#0550ae">=</span> <span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;normal&#39;</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#57606a"># 字体样式</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>plt<span style="color:#0550ae">.</span>rcParams<span style="color:#1f2328">[</span><span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;font.style&#39;</span><span style="color:#1f2328">]</span> <span style="color:#0550ae">=</span> <span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;normal&#39;</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#57606a"># 小型大写字母，大写字母大一号，小写字母全部大写但是比大写小一号；中文没影响</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>plt<span style="color:#0550ae">.</span>rcParams<span style="color:#1f2328">[</span><span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;font.variant&#39;</span><span style="color:#1f2328">]</span> <span style="color:#0550ae">=</span> <span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;normal&#39;</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#57606a"># 字体粗细，比如加粗bold</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>plt<span style="color:#0550ae">.</span>rcParams<span style="color:#1f2328">[</span><span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;font.weight&#39;</span><span style="color:#1f2328">]</span> <span style="color:#0550ae">=</span> <span style="color:#0a3069">&#39;normal&#39;</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>这里的字体样式基本跟CSS的font一样<br> 具体可以参考CSS的font说明: <a href="https://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/pr_font_font.asp">https://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/pr_font_font.asp</a></p>